Aetiology and Outcome of Obstetric- Related Acute Kidney Injury in Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria: A Three year Review

Abstract

Background: Obstetric (Pregnancy related) Acute Kidney Injury is a global health problem associated with significant fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Acute Kidney Injury in pregnancy is usually due to obstetric complications such as septic abortion, abruptio placental, uterine haemorrhage, intrauterine fetal death, puerperal sepsis and preeclampsia-eclampsia. Several studies conducted across the world revealed variations in the aetiology of pregnancy related Acute Kidney Injury. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the common aetiologies and outcome of patients with Obstetric Acute Kidney Injury treated in Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi over a 3 year period. Methods: This was a three (3) year retrospective study of 21 patients with Obstetric Acute Kidney Injury. The socio-demographic information, aetiology, treatment and outcome of treatment were extracted from patients hospital records. Results: The mean age of the study population was 29.3±5.23. Common causes of obstetric Acute Kidney Injury were postpartum haemorrhage, puerperal sepsis, pre-eclampsia – eclampsia. and post-abortal sepsis. Twelve (12)(57.1%) were managed conservatively, while nine 9 (42.9%) had haemodialysis. Six (6) (28.57%) died while fifteen 15 (71.4%) recovered. Conclusion: Obstetric-related Acute Kidney Injury is a common cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in our environment. Postpartum haemorrhage and sepsis were the commonest cause of obstetric Acute Kidney Injury. The mortality is high owing mainly to late presentation. Early presentation, early diagnosis and treatment as well as making haemodialysis affordable are key to improving outcomes of patients with Obstetric- related Acute kidney injury.