Evaluation of serum uric acid, calcium, and albumin in medical students exposed to short-term formalin in Okofia, Nnewi, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Formaldehyde, a widely used preservative in cadaveric dissections, exposes medical students to potential health risks during their anatomical education. Objectives: To evaluate the levels of uric acid, calcium, and albumin in medical students exposed to short-term (3-hour) formalin in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria. Materials and methods: Forty-five participants within the age range of 18 – 30 years were recruited for this research. Their baseline samples (before 3-hour exposure) were considered as control (pre-exposure) while their samples collected after 3 hours of exposure were considered as post-exposure samples (test). The levels of uric acid, calcium, and albumin were determined using a spectrophotometric technique. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using a paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: A significant decrease in the mean values of uric acid (0.19 ± 0.09) (mmol/l), and calcium (1.87 ± 0.23) (mmol/l), compared to the baseline (p<0.05) was observed. The mean value of the diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) was significantly increased post-exposure to formalin compared with the baseline (p<0.05). There was a weak positive correlation between post-formalin uric acid and body mass index (BMI) of the participants (r = 0.466, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that a three-hour formalin exposure caused a significant drop in uric acid and calcium serum levels, suggesting early signs of kidney stress and disrupted calcium balance. These effects, if repeated, could raise long-term health risks like renal damage and bone loss. The study calls for improved safety practices and ongoing health checks for those regularly exposed.